Retinoblastoma is an eye cancer that starts in the retina – the sensitive lining on the inside of the eye. Retinoblastoma most often affects young children, less often, it can also occur in adults. Retinoblastoma can occur in one or both eyes. Signs you might notice include: white in the middle circle of the eye (pupil) when light is shining in the eye, for example when taking a flash, eyes that look like they are looking in different directions, redness of the eye …
Retinoblastoma occurs when nerve cells in the retina develop genetic mutations. These mutations cause cells to continue to grow and multiply when healthy cells die. This accumulated mass of cells creates a tumor. Retinoblastoma cells can further invade the eye and nearby structures. Retinoblastoma can also spread (metastasize) to other areas of the body, including the brain and spine. In most cases, it is not clear what causes genetic mutations that lead to retinoblastoma. However, it is possible for children to inherit a genetic mutation from their parents.
The best treatments for a child’s retinoblastoma depend on the size and location of the tumor, whether the cancer has spread to areas other than the eye, your child’s general health, and your own preferences. The goal of treatment is to cure cancer. Whenever possible, your child’s doctor will also work to preserve your child’s vision.